Sunday, September 23, 2012

Examples of Conclusions for Essays

Conclusion for "Shooting an Elephant"

George Orwell

Afterwards, of course, there were endless discussions about the shooting of the elephant. The owner was furious, but he was only an Indian and could do nothing. Besides, legally I had done the right thing, for a mad elephant has to be killed, like a mad dog, if its owner fails to control it. Among the Europeans opinion was divided. The older men said I was right, the younger men said it was a damn shame to shoot an elephant for killing a coolie, because an elephant was worth more than any damn Coringhee coolie. And afterwards I was very glad that the coolie had been killed; it put me legally in the right and it gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant. I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool. (Orwell, Buscemi and Smith 7th ed. 8)

Commentary

What makes this a good conclusion? First, Orwell uses a transitional word, "Afterwards," to let us know that he is speaking in retrospect. The story is over, and he is now reflecting on its consequences and meaning. Next, Orwell makes reference to the main idea that he originally states in paragraph seven. At that point in the narrative, he is approaching the elephant, sees that it was no longer dangerous, and does not want to shoot it, but with the huge crowed of people expecting him to act, he knows that he must. The highlighted sentences of paragraph seven express Orwell's main idea in varying terms.
And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the white man's dominion in the East. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd -- seeming the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the "natives,' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the "natives" expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed myself to doing it when I went for the rifle. A sahib has got to do definite things. To come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away, having done nothing -- no, that was impossible. The crowd would laugh at me. And my whole life, every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at. ( 8)
The final sentence of Orwell's conclusion is: "I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool" (8). With this statement he reminds us that this was indeed his primary motivation since he felt that he must conform to the "conventionalized figure of the sahib" and do what the natives expected of him (6). Thus, he focuses our attention on the main idea that "when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys" (6). Finally, Orwell magnifies the impact of his main idea, and elevates his credibility, through an admission of his moral cowardliness. He says that "And afterwards I was very glad that the coolie had been killed; it put me legally in the right and gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant" (8). To say that he is glad for the death of a human being simply because it gave him legal cover and let him hide his moral cowardliness is astounding. But our repulsion at this admission is mitigated by our respect for his honesty. Orwell is willing to come clean for the sake of showing the morally corrosive effects of imperialism on those collaborate with it.
This is a good conclusion to the essay because Orwell explicitly marks it as a conclusion with a transitional word, he repeats his main idea, and he enhances the impact of this idea by explicitly admitting to his own moral failure.

Conclusion for "Black Men and Public Space"

Brent Staples

Over the years, I learned to smother the rage I felt at so often being taken for a criminal. Not to do so would surely have led to madness. I now take precautions to make myself less threatening. I move about with care, particularly late in the evening. I give a wide berth to nervous people on subway platforms during the wee hours, particularly when I have exchanged business clothes for jeans. If I happen to be entering a building behind some people who appear skittish, I may walk by, letting them clear the lobby before I return, so as not to seem to be following them. I have been calm and extremely congenial on those rare occasions when I've been pulled over by the police. And on late-evening constitutionals I employ what has proved to be an excellent tension-reducing measure: I whistle melodies from Beethoven and Vivaldi and the more popular classical composers. Even steely New Yorkers hunching toward nighttime destinations seem to relax, and occasionally they even join in the tune. Virtually everybody seems to sense that a mugger wouldn't be warbling bright, sunny selections from Vivaldi's Four Seasons. It is my equivalent of the cowbell that hikers wear when they know they are in bear country. (Staples, Buscemi and Smith 7the ed. 262-263)

Commentary

The last two paragraphs of this essay comprise the conclusion. Staples marks the movement from the body of the essay to the conclusion with a transition just as Orwell does. The words "Over the years," indicate that he is going to make a retrospective statement about the experiences he has related in the preceeding paragraphs. The textbook editors include this essay in the section titled "Examples and Illustration." However, they might just as well have included it with the cause and effect essays since the conclusion tells the survival tactics that Staples learned to employ because of having been perceived as a threat so frequently.
The conclusion also makes a connection to Staples' main idea and its corollary in the introduction where he says that he is perceived as a threat by others, and this in turn puts him in danger. However, the ties between the introduction and the conclusion are established not by an explicit restatement of his ideas, but by a repetition of language that describes the way he is perceived and the danger that this poses.
In the introduction he writes that he must have "seemed menacingly close" to the lone woman who ran from him (261). She was "terrified" and from her he learned that he had "the ability to alter public space in ugly ways" (261), Because he was "indistinguishable from the muggers who occasionally seeped into the area from the surrounding ghetto," he was at risk whenever he encountered a "dicy situation" involving frightened people or the police (261).
In the conclusion, his language reflects the themes of fear from others and the consequent danger to himself that he describes in the introduction. In the conclusion he says that as a way of avoiding trouble, he gives "a wide birth to nervous people" and avoids walking behind those "who appear skittish." And when dealing with the police he is "extremely congenial" (263). He now uses the "excellent tension-reducing measure" of whistling tunes from classical composers (263). Thus, the main ideas stated explicitly in the introduction are brought to mind by the descriptive language in the conclusion.
Finally, Staples uses a striking metaphor to describe a defensive tactic he has learned to use. His last sentence says that "warbling bright, sunny selections from Vivaldi's Four Seasons is his "equivalent of the cowbell that hikers wear when they know they are in bear county" (263). This vivid image makes us appreciate the conditions that Staples must cope with and enlists our sympathy by identifying him not with the predatory bear, that he is so often presumed to be, but with the vulnerable hiker, the bear's prey.

Conclusion for "The Death of the Moth"

Virginia Woolf

The style of Woolf's essay is different from that found in Orwell's and Staples'. Whereas the two latter writers make the parts of their essays clear by transitional words or phrases and by allotting them separate paragraphs, Woolf is less explicit. Her essay is characterized by a flowing movement rather than by a series of steps from one part to another. The shifts in her visual focus signal the shifts in her attention, and finally in the ideas she expresses. Consequently, the exact demarcations between introduction and body, and body and conclusion, are less overt. We might say that the conclusion begins when Woolf recognizes that the moth is dying. At the end of paragraph four she writes,
The helplessness of his attitude roused me. It flashed upon me that he was in difficulties; he could no longer raise himself; his legs struggled vainly. But as I stretched out a pencil, meaning to help him to right himself, it came over me that the failure and awkwardness were the approach of death. I laid the pencil down again. (Woolf, Buscemi and Smith 7the ed. 52)
The next, and final, paragraph begins with a momentary shift in her attention away from the moth to the world outside where she senses that the massed power, "indifferent, impersonal," is somehow marshalled against the little creature (52). Looking back at the moth, she describes his death throes, his vain struggle against the power that could have "submerged an entire city, not merely a city, but masses of human beings" (52). Near the end of the paragraph, Woolf looks at the moth once more and again begins to use her pencil to lift it, but recognizes the effort as futile. Finally, she says, "The struggle was over." Her attention is then turned from the moth to her own thoughts about what she has witnessed (52). She continues:
The insignificant little creature now knew death. As I looked at the dead moth, this minute wayside triumph of so great a force over so mean an antagonist filled me with wonder. Just as life had been strange a few minutes before, so death was now as strange. The moth having righted himself now lay most decently and uncomplainingly composed. O yes, he seemed to say, death is stronger than I am. (52)
The implied main idea is that she herself, and all of us might take the moth as an example: make the best of whatever opportunities life gives, whether great of meagre; struggle to hold on to life until the end, but when the end comes, accept it "uncomplainingly and with dignity." Animal experiments involving the effectiveness of drugs are always faced with the problem of whether or not the efficacy observed in the laboratory can be generalized to human subjects. Will what works in a rat work in a human? A similar question might be asked about this essay: Is the lesson Woolf abstracts from her observation of the moth valid for human being given the vast difference between the two?
She believes so. The moth is seen not only as a distinct specimen of its kind, but also as a symbol of life itself, the mysterious essence that imbues every creature. She makes the symbolic significance of the moth clear. She says that in "Watching him, it seemed as if a fibre, very thin but pure, of the enormous energy of the world had been thrust into his frail and diminutive body" (51). And again, "It was as if someone had taken a tiny bead of pure life and decking it as lightly as possible with down and feathers, had set it dancing and zigzagging to show us the true nature of life" (51).
In us life may be "humped and bossed and garnished and cumbered," but it is the same "pure bead of life" that she saw so distinctly in the moth (51).
Woolf gives a good conclusion to her essay because it continues the contrast between the moth and great, impersonal power that overwhelms it and implies a main idea for her narrative.

Conclusion for "Pain is Is Not the Ultimate Enemy"

Norman Cousins

Pain-killing drugs are among the greatest advances in the history of medicine. Properly used, they can be a boon in alleviating suffering and in treating disease. But their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people. The unremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs, especially over television, has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis. Almost from the moment children are old enough to sit upright in front of a television screen, they are being indoctrinated into the hypochondriac's clamorous and morbid world. Little wonder so many people fear pain more than death itself. It might be a good idea if concerned physicians and educators could get together to make knowledge about pain an important part of the regular school curriculum. As for the populace at large, perhaps some of the same techniques used by public-service agencies to make people cancer- conscious can be used to counteract the growing terror of pain and illness in general. People ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive, given a modicum of respect. If our broadcasting stations cannot provide equal time for responses to the pain-killing advertisements, they might at least set aside a few minutes each day for common-sense remarks on the subject of pain. As for the Food and Drug Administration, it might be interesting to know why an agency that has energetically warned the American people against taking vitamins without prescriptions is doing so little to control over-the-counter sales each year of billions of pain-killing pills, some of which can do more harm than the pain they are supposed to suppress. (Cousins, Buscemi and Smith 7the ed. 279)

Commentary

The conclusion to this essay begins with paragraph twelve. The first two sentences make generalizations that lead to the restatement of the writer's main idea: "But their [i.e. pain-killing drugs] indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people" (279). Comparing this to the main idea sentence in paragraph one shows that the gist of the two sentences is the same: "As a result [of taking pain-killing drugs at any hint of pain] we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal" (277). Paragraph twelve also make reference to the primary cause of this problem. In the introduction Cousin's writes: "For years we have had it drummed into us -- in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation -- that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil" (276-77). Restating this in the conclusion he says: "Almost from the moment children are old enough to sit upright in front of a television screen, they are being indoctrinated into the hypochondriac's clamorous and morbid world" (279).
So paragraph twelve satisfies one of the primary desiderata of a conclusion: It harkens back to the the introduction and restates the writer's main idea. Cousins might have ended his essay here. Why did he add another paragraph? What does it do?
In paragraph thirteen, he makes suggestions about how to correct the problem he has identified. He appeals to doctors and teachers to educate the young; he appeals to broadcasters to provide information to counter drug advertisers; and he suggests that the Food and Drug Administration might exert a firmer control over the marketing of pain killers.
In this last paragraph, Cousins switches modes of discourse from cause and effect to problem and solution. The introduction stated a condition and the body discussed its causes. Having identified the causes, he then suggests how to ameliorate the problem. Thus, the essay illustrates how different modes of discourse can be used in conjunction with one another.

Conclusion for "The Spider and the Wasp"

Alexander Petrunkevitch

In all this the behavior of the wasp evidently is qualitatively different from that of the spider. The wasp acts like an intelligent animal. This is not to say that instinct plays no part or that she reasons as man does. But her actions are to the point; they are not automatic and can be modified to fit the situation. We do not know for certain how she identifies the tarantula -- probably it is by some olfactory or chemo-tactile sense -- but she does it purposefully and does not blindly tackle a wrong species. On the other hand, the tarantula's behavior shows only confusion. Evidently the wasp's pawing gives it no pleasure, for it tries to move away. That the wasp is not simulating sexual stimulation is certain, because male and female tarantulas react in the same way to its advances. That the spider is not anesthetized by some odorless secretion is easily shown by blowing lightly at the tarantula and making it jump suddenly. What, then, makes the tarantula behave as stupidly as it does?
No clear, simple answer is available. Possibly the stimulation by the wasp's antennae is masked by a heavier pressure on the spider's body, so that it reacts as when prodded by a pencil. But the explanation may be much more complex. Initiative in attack is not in the nature of tarantulas; most species fight only when cornered so that escape is impossible. Their inherited patterns of behavior apparently prompt them to avoid problems rather than attack them. For example, spiders always weave their webs in three dimensions, and when a spider finds that there is insufficient space to attach certain threads in the third dimension, it leaves the place and seeks another, instead of finishing the web in a single plane. This urge to escape seems to arise under all circumstances, in all phases of life and to take the place of reasoning. For a spider to change the pattern of its web is as impossible as for an inexperienced man to build a bridge across a chasm obstructing his way.
In a way the instinctive urge to escape is not only easier but often more efficient than reasoning. The tarantula does exactly what is most efficient in all cases except in an encounter with a ruthless and determined attacker dependent for the existence of her own species on killing as many tarantulas as she can lay eggs. Perhaps in this case the spider follows its usual pattern of trying to escape, instead of seizing and killing the wasp, because it is not aware of its danger. In any case, the survival of the tarantula species as a whole is protected by the fact that the spider is much more fertile than the wasp. (Petrunkevitch, Buscemi and Smith 7the ed. 85)

Commentary

The introduction to this essay includes the first four paragraphs and states the main idea: "It [the conflict between the spider and the wasp] is a classic example of what looks like intelligence pitted against instinct -- a strange situation in which the victim, though fully able to defend itself, submits unwittingly to its destruction" (82). The body of the essay describes the tarantula and the wasp in turn and then the process by which the spider overcomes the wasp, using it to provide food for its descendant. The last four paragraphs (fifteen through eighteen) constitute the conclusion. The topic sentence of paragraph fifteen signals the transition from the body to the conclusion: "In all this the behavior of the wasp evidently is qualitatively different from that of the spider" (84). The expression "In all this," refers back to the process just described. The term "qualitatively different, " indicates that the writer is about to begin a summary that contrasts the behavior of the wasp with the spider. This is confirmed by two subtopic sentences that focus attention first on the wasp: "The wasp acts like an intelligent animal" (84) and then on the spider: "On the other hand, the tarantula's behavior shows only confusion" (85). This contrast ends with a rhetorical question: "What, then, makes the tarantula behave as stupidly as it does?" (85). This question is followed by a discussion of possible explanations in paragraphs seventeen and eighteen .
The best explanation for the behavior of the spider appears to be that its "urge to escape seems to arise under all circumstances, in all phases of life and to take the place of reasoning" (83). The wording here recalls the main idea sentence where the author refers to "instinct" being pitted against "intelligence" (82). The same idea is suggested again in paragraph eighteen where the author says that "Perhaps in this case the spider follows its usual pattern of trying to escape [its instinct], instead of seizing and killing the wasp [an intelligent response], because it is not aware of its danger" (83). So this conclusion illustrates the common practice of tying up the essay by making reference back to the main idea stated in the introduction.

A Scientific Report and a Process Essay

Alexander Petrunkevitch is a scientist, and so it is not surprising that he organizes his essay in much the same way that a scientist organizes a report on the conduct and outcome of an experiment. The first thing a writer of a scientific paper does is to state the question to be answered by the experiment. The question implied by the introduction of Petrunkevitch's essay is why dosn't the spider defend itself instead of allowing the wasp to kill it? After posing the question, the writer of a scientific paper reviews the literature on the topic. In Petrunkevitch's essay, he sets his question in the context of the more general topic of the interaction between species when a predator is dependent on the prey for propagation. He gives a summary of what is known without the formality and documentation of a scientific publication.
After reviewing the literature, the writer of a scientific report then states his hypothesis. The hypothesis is the predicted outcome of the experiment, the most likely answer to the question that he has posed. Likewise, Petrunkevitch concludes his general discussion of predators and prey with a statement of his main idea. This is what he believes to be the most reasonable explantation for the behavior of the spider when attacked by the wasp.
The next step for the writer of a scientific report is to explain the design and conduct of his experiment, including a description of the variables and the way they were manipulated. Petrunkevitch is not reporting on an experiment but is writing a process essay for lay readers based on observation, so he only tells what he and others have seen in many encounters between spiders and wasps.
Nevertheless, the analogy between the report of the scientist and the essay by Petrunkevitch is valid since the experiment by the scientist and the observations by Petrunkevitch each produce a body of evidence from which they can draw conclusions.
Following the explanation of what was done in the experiment, the scientist then gives the results and discusses them. He notes whether or not they confirm his main idea (his hypothesis). This discussion constitutes the the main part of the conclusion although the experimenter may make suggestions for further research into the topic.
Petrunkevitch also discusses the outcome of encounters between spiders and wasps and considers possible explanations for it. Both the report writer and Petrunkevitch work inductively by analyzing the facts and then making judgments about the causes of what they see. As noted above, Petrunkevitch draws a conclusion that is consistent with the main idea stated in his introduction. The evidence supports his hypothesis that the Tarantula succumbs because it "does exactly what is most efficient in all cases except in an encounter with a ruthless and determined attacker dependent for the existence of her own species on killing as many tarantulas as she can lay eggs" (85).

Saturday, September 22, 2012

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Thursday, September 20, 2012

Studying Banking and Finance

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  • K-Lite Codec Pack 7.1 FULLធ្វើឱ្យ Windows របស់លោកអ្នកអាចមើលបានស្ទើរគ្រប់ប្រភេទ​វីដេអូទាំងអស់
  • Photo Flash Maker 5.35 Free Versionផ្តល់ភាពងាយស្រួលក្នុងការបង្កើត flash slideshow ជាមួយនឹង templatesនិងeffectsជាច្រើនដែលលោកអ្នកប្រាកដជាពេញចិត្ត ។
  • IconTweaker 1.12ផ្លាស់ប្តូរ icons ក្នុង Windows របស់អ្នកឱ្យកាន់តែស្រស់ស្អាត
  • Sweet Home 3D 3.2ជាកម្មវិធីដ៏តូចមួយដែលជួយលោកអ្នកក្នុងការរៀបចំផ្ទះ ដោយការដាក់សង្ហារឹមផ្សេងៗទៅក្នុងផ្ទះ ហើយមើលជាលក្ខណៈ 3D
  • Connectify 2.2ជាកម្មវិធីជួយឱ្យកុំព្យូទ័ររបស់អ្នកមានសមត្ថភាពដូចជា Wireless Router ដែលអាចចែកចាយ internet ឱ្យឧបករណ៍ផ្សេងទៀត ។
  • Rainlendar Lite 2.8.1ជាកម្មវិធីដ៏ល្អហើយតូច ដែលជួយប្រាប់អ្នកពីការងារ​ដែលត្រូវធ្វើ ។
  • Tux Paint 0.9.21ជា​កម្មវិធី​គូរ​សម្រាប់​ក្មេង​ចាប់ពី​អាយុ​៣ឆ្នាំ​ឡើងទៅ តែ​វា​មាន​លក្ខណៈពិសេស​ជាច្រើន​សម្រាប់​មនុស្សធំ​លេង​ផងដែរ ។
  • GOM Media Player 2011កម្មវិធីសម្រាប់ចាក់វីដេអូដ៏ល្អមួយ ប្រសិនបើវីដេអូប្រភេទណាដែល GOM មិនស្គាល់វានឹងស្វែងរកលើ internet ហើយដំឡើងដោយស្វ័យប្រវត្តិ ។
  • Free HTML to PDF Converter 7.0សម្រាប់បំលែងវិបសាយទៅជាឯកសារ PDF ឬក៏អាចបំលែង វិបសាយទៅជារូបភាព
  • ManyCam 2.6.55ប្រើ webcam តែមួយជាមួយកម្មវិធីជាច្រើន និង ដាក់ effect ផ្សេងៗទៅវីដេអូ webcam របស់អ្នក ដែលធ្វើឱ្យ webcam របស់អ្នកកាន់​តែអស្ចារ្យ.
  • YouTube Downloader 2.7.4Download
    វីដេអូពី YouTube, Facebook, Google Video, Yahoo Video ហើយ convert
    ទៅប្រភេទផ្សេងសម្រាប់ Ipod, Iphone, PSP, Cell Phone, Windows Media, XVid
    និង MP3 ។
  • Skype 5.3 for Windowsជាកម្មវិធីឈានមុខគេខាងនិយាយ និង chat
  • Undelete 360 2.11សម្រាប់ទាញយកឯកសារដែលបានលប់
    (ដោយអចេតនា មេរោគ ឬ បាត់បងពេលកុំព្យូទ័រមានបញ្ហា) ពីគ្រប់ storage media
    ទាំងអស់ដូចជា hard drives, USB sticks, Flash memory, Floppy drives,
    Memory Card ដែលប្រើក្នុងម៉ាស៊ីនថត ទូរសព្ទ ។ល។ ជាមួយនឹងល្បឿនលឿនបំផុត ។
  • PSPad Editor 4.5.4PSPad
    គឺជាកម្មវិធីសម្រាប់ web programmers និង software programmer
    ក្នុងការសរសេរកូដ ដែលវា​ស្គាល់នូវ​ភាសាជាច្រើនដូចជា HTML, PHP, ASP, VB,
    C++, SQL, Java, Python ។ល។
  • AceMoney Lite 4.19ជាកម្មវិធីសម្រាប់គ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន
    និង អាជីវកម្មខ្នាតតូច ដែលជួយអ្នកក្នុងការរៀបចំ និង
    គ្រប់គ្រងចំណូលចំណាយ​បានយ៉ាងងាយស្រួល និង ឆាប់រហ័ស ។
  • Celestia 1.6.1គឺជា real-time 3D space simulator ដែលអាចឱ្យអ្នកធ្វើដំណើរពេញប្រព័ន្ធព្រះអាទិត្យ ទៅជាង ១០០.០០០ ផ្កាយ ឬ ផុតពី galaxy ។
  • FontFrenzy 1.5អាចឱ្យអ្នកលុប និង backup fonts ទាំងអស់ដែលមិនមែនជារបស់ Windows ដែលនេះជួយបង្កើនល្បឿន​កុំព្យូទ័រ​របស់អ្នក ។
  • Powerbullet Presenter 1.35ជាកម្មវិធីដ៏ល្អសាមញ្ញមួយសម្រាប់បង្កើត presentations ជា Flash ដោយគ្រាន់តែ​អូសដាក់ និង មិនត្រូវការ​ចំណេះ​ផ្នែក Adobe Flash នោះទេ ។
  • The Typing of the Ghosts (Windows)នេះជាប្រភេទ
    game ដែលជួយពន្លឿនការ typing របស់អ្នក
    ដោយអ្នកអាចកម្ចេចបិសាច​បានដោយការវាយ​អក្សរ​ឱ្យត្រូវ ប្រសិនបើអ្នកវាយខុស ឬ
    យឺតពេកនោះអ្នកនឹងត្រូវបិសាចក្រញៅ ។
  • Free Hide Folder 2.6ជា
    ​កម្មវិធី​ដ៏សាមញ្ញមួយ
    ដែល​អាច​ឱ្យ​យើងលាក់ឯកសារផ្សេង​មិន​ឱ្យ​អ្នក​ដទៃ​មើលឃើញ ទោះបីជាចុចយក Show
    Hidden Files ក្នុង Windows ក៏​ដោយ ។
  • Advanced IP scanner 2.0ប្រមូលព័ត៌មានរបស់
    LAN ដូចជា NetBios username, computer name, group name, Mac address នៃ
    remote machines និង តារាង IP addresses ហើយអាច scan HTTP និង FTP servers,
    Wake-on-LAN និង remote shutdown options ។
  • MP3 Quality Modifier 2.01ជាកម្មវិធីដ៏ល្អមួយសម្រាប់បន្ថយទំហំ MP3 ប៉ុន្តែនៅរក្សាគុណភាពនៃសំឡេងបាននៅ​ច្បាស់ល្អ ហើយអាចកំណត់ stereo របស់ MP3 ទៀតផង ។
  • JPGVideo 1.04បង្កើតវីដេអូប្រភេទ AVI ដោយប្រើរូបភាព JPG (រូបដែលថតចេញពីម៉ាស៊ីនថត, WebCam ។ល។)
  • MadAppLauncher 1.0.2ជា
    ​កម្មវិធី​សាមញ្ញមួយ​សម្រាប់​ឱ្យ​លោកអ្នក​បើក​កម្មវិធី ឯកសារ ឬ folder
    ផ្សេងៗ​ដែល​លោកអ្នក​ចូលចិត្តបាន​យ៉ាង​លឿន​ដោយចុច key ណាមួយលើ keyboard ។ 
  • Foxit PDF Reader 5.0.1Foxit PDF Reader ជាកម្មវិធីមានលក្ខណៈស្រដៀងនឹង Adobe Reader ដែរ តែកម្មវិធីនេះមានទំហំតូចជាង ហើយអាចឱ្យលោកអ្នកបើក PDF បានលឿនជាង ។
  • XnConvert 1.10ជាកម្មវិធីមួយដ៏មានសមត្ថភាពខាងផ្លាស់ប្តូរ
    និង កែតម្រូវរូបភាពច្រើន​​ក្នុងពេលតែមួយដូចជា ពង្រីកបង្រួម, ប្តូរ format,
    កាត់, លុប metadata, ប្តូរពណ៌ និង ពន្លឺ, បង្វិល, ដាក់ watermarks
    និងជាច្រើនទៀត ។ 
  • Aura 2.7ជាកម្មវិធីសាមញ្ញមួយដែលដំណើរការនៅ
    system tray ដែលជួយបន្ថែមឱ្យកុំព្យូទ័រ​របស់អ្នកនូវសំឡេង
    ព្រៃប្រឹក្សាដ៏ស្រស់ស្រាយ ដូចជាសំឡេងបក្សី ខ្យល់ ភ្លៀង ។ល។ 
  • Maxthon 3.1.2.1ជា web browser ដែលមានមូលដ្ឋានលើ Internet Explorer តែវាបន្ថែមនូវលក្ខណៈពិសេសជាច្រើន ហើយមានរូបរាងស្រស់ស្អាតជា Internet Explorer ។
  • Any Video Converter Free 3.2.5អាច
    convert ប្រភេទវីដេអូជាច្រើនដូចជា AVI, FLV, MOV, MP4, MPG, M2TS, MTS,
    RM, RMVB, QT, WMV ហើយក៏អាចកាត់ ឬ ដាក់វីដេអូបញ្ចូលគ្នាបានផងដែរ ។ 
  • MP3 Skype Recorder 1.10.1អាចឱ្យលោកអ្នកថត​សំឡេងនៃការនិយាយនៅលើ Skype ទាំងអស់ ហើយរក្សាទុកវាជា MP3 ។ 
  • Hexonic PDF Split and Merge 1.0.1បញ្ចូល
    ឬ បំបែក PDF file ហើយនិងលក្ខណៈពិសេសផ្សេងទៀតដូចជា ដាក់ footer,
    2-pages-on-one output, image compression និងប្តូររូបភាពទៅ PDF ។
  • Iconix eMail ID 4.10.4ជាកម្មវិធីសម្រាប់បញ្ជាក់ថា
    email ដែលផ្ញើមក គឺមកពីក្រុមហ៊ុនដែរស្គាល់ឬអត់
    ដោយកម្មវិធីនេះដំណើរការជាមួយ Gmail, Yahoo, MSN, AOL, Hotmail, Outlook
    Express និង កម្មវិធីមួយចំនួនទៀត ។
  • uTorrent 3.0ជាកម្មវិធីដែលពេញនិយមបំផុតសម្រាប់ការ
    download ឯកសារជា .torrent files ។ ជាមួយនឹងជំនាន់ ៣.០ នេះ uTorrent
    មាននូវលក្ខណៈពិសេសដូចជា៖ Streaming, Portable Mode, Stability,
    Drag-and-Drop ។ល។
  • TSR Watermark Image 1.9.9.5សម្រាប់អ្នកចង់ការពាក្យរូបភាពដោយការដាក់អក្សរ ឬ រូបភាពលើរូបភាពរបស់ លោកអ្នកបានយ៉ាង​ងាយស្រួល, លឿន និង ជម្រើសជាច្រើន ។
  • Google Sketchup 8.0.4811ជាបង្កើតរូបភាព 3D ដែលងាយស្រួលក្នុងការប្រើ ដោយលោកអ្នកអាចបង្កើតរូបផ្ទះ អគារ និង វត្ថុផ្សេងៗទៀតជាមួយនឹងឧបករណ៍ ដែលកម្មវិធីនេះមាន ។ 
  • Orbit Downloader 4.1Orbit
    Downloader ជា Download Manager ជំនាន់ថ្មីសម្រាប់ download ទាំងឯកសារ និង
    វីដេអូពី YouTube, Myspace ។ល។ បានយ៉ាងលឿន, ងាយស្រួល និង
    អាចបញ្ឈប់​ហើយបន្តការ download បាន ។ 
  • Panda Cloud Antivirus 1.4.0ជា
    cloud antivirus ដំបូងគេដែលផ្តល់ឱ្យយើងប្រើដោយមិនគិតថ្លៃ ។
    ដោយសារតែកម្មវិធីនេះប្រើ​បច្ចេកវិទ្យា cloud-scanning
    វាអាចការពារលោកអ្នកប្រឆាំង​នឹងមេរោគថ្មីៗបំផុត ។
  • Math Ninja 1.01ជា game ដែលជួយបង្កើនចំណេះដឹងផ្នែកប្រមាណវិធី បូក ដក គុណ ចែក ឱ្យកូនក្មួយរបស់លោកអ្នក 
  • VirtualDJ Home 7.0.4ជាកម្មវិធីជំនាញខាង
    mix សំឡេង និង វីដេអូ ដែលអាចដំណើរការទាំង Windows (98, 2000, XP, Vista,
    7) និង MAC OSX (Intel based - 10.5, 10.6) ។
  • FreeZ Online TV 1.42មើលទូរទស្សន៍លើ internet ពីជាង ៥០០ ប៉ុស្តិ៍ ដោយឥតបង់ប្រាក់ ឬ ទិញឧបករណ៍អ្វីបន្ថែមឡើយ ។ 
  • STDUViewer1.5.647ជាកម្មវិធីមួយដ៏តូចតែអាចឱ្យលោកអ្នកបើកមើលប្រភេទឯកសារជាច្រើនដូចជ
    PDF, DjVu, XPS (របស់ Windows 7), TIFF, Comic Book Archive (CBR or CBZ)
    និង រូបភាព ។

Tuesday, September 11, 2012

របៀប ចង​ក្រង​ឯកសារ​រូបភាព​ច្រើន ​បញ្ចូល​ជា file pdf តែ​មួយ

​របៀប​បម្លែង​ឯកសារ​រូបភាព​ច្រើន​ចូល​គ្នា ឲ្យ​ទៅ​ជា​ប្រភេទ file pdf ដោយ​ប្រើប្រាស់​កម្មវិធី JPG2PDF Convertor ។ ក្រៅ​ពី​ឯកសារ​ប្រភេទ JPG  កម្មវិធី​នេះក៏អាច​បម្លែង​​ឯកសារ​រូបភាព​ផ្សេង​ទៀត​ដែរ​ដូច​ជាៈ GIF, BMP, TIF, PNG, TGA, PBM និង ឯកសារ PSD (photoshop document format) ឲ្យ​ទៅ​ជា file PDF។ សូម​ដំឡើង​កម្មវិធី​នេះ ចូល​ទៅ​ម៉ាស៊ីន​ជា​មុន​សិន ប្រសិន​ពុំ​ទាន់​មាន​ទេ សូម​ចុច​ត្រង់​នេះ​ដើម្បី​ទាញ​យក JPG2PDF Convertor
1. បន្ទាប់​ពី​ទាញ​យក​រួច សូម​ដំឡើង​វា ដោយ​ចុច​ពីរ​ដង រួច​ហើយ​ចុច Next → Next → Next → Next → Install → finish
2. បន្ទាប់ ​ពី​ដំឡើង​រួច ផ្ទាំង​កម្មវិធី JPG To PDF នឹង​បើក​ឡើង តែ​បើ​ពុំ​ឃើញ​ទេ អ្នក​អាច​ចូល​ទៅ​បើក​វា​នៅ​លើ Desktop កុំព្យូទ័រ បាន។ បន្ទាប់​មក active កម្មវិធី​ដោយ ចូល​ទៅ​ម៉ឺនុយ About → Register  ឬ ចុច​ត្រង់​ប៊ូតុង Buy Now បាន​ដូច​គ្នា រួច​ចម្លង​លេខ​Serial នេះ 4867JWVI3C3F5D9 ចូល​ទៅ​ប្រអប់ Register ដូច​រូប។
3. ឥឡូវ អ្នក​អាច​ធ្វើការ​បម្លែង​ឯកសារ​រូបភាព​ជា​ច្រើន​ប្រភេទ​ដូច​បាន​រៀបរាប់​ខាង ​លើ ទៅ​ជា file PDF តែ​មួយ​បាន​ហើយ ដោយ​ចុច​លើ​ប៊ូតុង Add ម្ដង​មួយ ឬ​អាច​ចុច​លើ​ប៊ូតុង Add Folder ដើម្បី Add ម្ដង​មួយ​ថត​ឯកសារ​ក៏​បាន។
4. បន្ទាប់​ពី Add រូបភាព​ចូល​ទៅ​ក្នុង​តារាង​រួច សូម​ធ្វើ​ការ​កំណត់​នៅ​ត្រង់:
a.Document Title៖ ដាក់​ឈ្មោះ​ឲ្យ​ឯកសារ
b.Output Path៖ កំណត់​ទីតាំង​របស់​ឯកសារ​នៅ​ពេល​បម្លែង​រួច
រួច​ចុច​លើ​ប៊ូតុង Convert To PDF ជា​ការ​ស្រេច។

សាក ​ល្បង​អនុវត្ត​ម្ដង​មើល៍ តើ​បាន​ផល​អត់? ក្រៅ​កម្មវិធី​ JPG2PDF convertor នេះ តើ​នៅ​មាន​កម្មវិធី​ណា​ទៀត​ដែល​​មានមុខងារ​ដូច​គ្នា​ ប្រសិន​ប្រិយមិត្ត​បាន​ស្គាល់​សូម​ចូល​រួម​ចែក​រំលែក​ដោយ​បញ្ចេញ​មតិ​នៅ​ ប្រអប់ comment ខាង​ក្រោមបាន​ណា៎…
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